Since 2013, a hidden and lucrative economy of ransom-based human trafficking has emerged in Libya, run by traders who attempt to bring migrants and refugees to Europe via the Sahara and the Mediterranean Sea. Based partly on interviews, Ph.D. researcher Morgane Wirtz reveals a system of imprisonment, (sexual) violence, and extortion that affects hundreds of thousands of migrants and refugees seeking safety in Europe. Because the EU supports Libya and its coast guard, it is complicit in human rights violations. Wirtz received her Ph.D. with distinction (cum laude) on September 19.